Triterpenoids from leaves of Ilex guayusa / 中国中药杂志

The chemical constituents from the leaves of Ilex guayusa were investigated. Sixteen triterpenoids were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of dried leaves of I. guayusa by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column chromatographies and semi-prepa-rative HPLC. Those triterpenoids were identified by NMR, HR-MS, and literature analysis: 3β-hydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-nor-urs-4(23)-ene-28,13β-olide(1), 3β-hydroxy-24-nor-4(23),12-oleanadien-28-methyl ester(2), oleanolic acid(3), 3β,28-dihydroxy-12-oleanene(4), 2α,3β-dihydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-'nor-olean-4(23)-ene-28,13β-olide(5), ursolic acid(6), 3β,23-dihydroxy ursolic acid(7), 3β,28-dihydroxy-12-ursene(8), 3β-28-nor-urs-12-ene-3,17-diol(9), 3β-hydroxyurs-11-ene-28,13β-olide(10), 13β,28-epoxy-3β-hydroxy-11-ursene(11), 3β-hydroxy-28,28-dimethoxy-12-ursene(12), 3β-hydroxy-24-nor-urs-4(23),12-dien-28-oic acid(13), 3β-hydroxy-24-nor-urs-4(23),12-dien-28-methyl ester(14), 2α,3β-dihydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-nor-urs-4(23)-ene-28,13β-olide(15) and 2α,3β-dihydroxy-11α,12α-epoxy-24-nor-urs-4(23),20(30)-dien-28,13β-olide(16). Compounds 1-2 were new compounds, and compounds 4-5, 7 and 9-16 were isolated from I. guayusa for the first time.

Evaluation of 3D Measuring Methods for Body Surface Damage and Scars / 法医学杂志

Objective To assess the accuracy and reliability of the two 3D measuring methods, structured-light scanning and single-camera photogrammetry in forensic body surface damage and scar measurement. Methods The measuring results of 86 injuries by the ruler method, structured-light scanning and single-camera photogrammetry were compared and evaluated. The area measuring results of 13 simulated scars by the structured-light scanning, single-camera photogrammetry, Photoshop lasso pixel method and PDF reading software were compared and evaluated. The time consumed was recorded. The known specification information of the stickers was used as the standard value to compare the measuring accuracy of the ruler method, structural-light scanning and single-camera photogrammetry, and to calculate the root mean square error （RMSE）. The consistency evaluation of intraclass correlation coefficient （ICC） for the repeatability of 3 measuring results obtained by different operators and the same operator. Results The differences in results of the two 3D measuring methods and the ruler method had no statistical significance; the differences between measuring results made by the structured-light scanning, single-camera photogrammetry and PDF reading software and that of the Photoshop lasso pixel method had no statistical significance. The post-processing of the single-camera photogrammetry consumed more time than that of other methods. When the long-distance group （10-40 cm） was measured, the results obtained by the ruler method were shorter than the standard value. The RMSE value results were structured-light scanning < single-camera photogrammetry < ruler method. The ICC value intragroup and intergroup were greater than 0.99. Conclusion Both structured-light scanning and single-camera photogrammetry can be applied in recording and measuring forensic body surface damage. The former has better performance in measurement accuracy and stability, while the latter has better color performance but longer post-processing time.

Exploring of the Mechanism of Rib Fracture Caused by Landing on Different Parts of the Trunk after Falls from Height Using Finite Element Method / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the mechanism of rib fracture caused by landing on different parts of the trunk using finite element method, and to provide some new techniques and new ideas for the reconstruction of the whole process of falls from height. Methods The finite element method was used to study the rib fracture of human security model THUMS4.0 caused by landing on different parts of the trunk. Then the model was compared with actual cases and the mechanism of rib fracture caused by falls from height was analyzed from a biomechanical point of view. Results There were some differences in the stress and strain distribution as well as the rib fracture sites when different parts touched the ground. Ribs on both sides of the body were fractured when the front of the trunk touched the ground, and the fractures were mainly located in the junction of the ribs and costal cartilage and the midaxillary line area. When the right anterior part of the trunk touched the ground, rib fracture occurred first on the side that touched the ground, and rib fractures were mainly located in the area from the right midaxillary line to the posterior axillary line, and junction of ribs on both sides and costal cartilage. When the back of the trunk touched the ground, the fracture sites were mainly located on the back of the ribs on both sides. When the right posterior part of the trunk touched the ground, multiple rib fractures were likely to occur in the parts that touched the ground. The plastic strains were mainly concentrated at the fracture sites, while the von Mises stresses were not only concentrated at the fracture sites, but also at other sites. Conclusion There are some differences in rib fracture location sites and injury mechanisms when different parts of the trunk touch the ground.

Effect and Mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang on Atherosclerotic Plaque Based on Treg Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::To explore the effect and mechanisms of Buyang Huanwu Tang (BYHWT) on atherosclerotic plaque based on regulatory T cells (Treg) and inflammation. Method::Totally 50 ApoE knockout(ApoE-/-)mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into model group, low, medium, high-dose BYHWT groups, positive control group, and C57/BL mice were taken as control group. The model group and the BYHWT group were given high-fat diet for 12 weeks, while the control group was given normal diet. After successful modeling, BYHWT groups were given drugs (5, 10, 20 g·kg-1) through intragastric administration, the positive control group was given rapamycin (4 mg·kg-1), while the control group and the model group were given equal doses normal saline through intragastric administration for 4 weeks. Four weeks later, the mice were sacrificed. Manufactured paraffin sections were prepared for the aortic sinus of the heart. The plaque area was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and the number of Treg cells in immunohistochemical staining plaque was detected. Blood was collected from eye canthus of mice, the expression of inflammatory factors in peripheral blood was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) gene expression in peripheral blood was detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Result::Compared with the control group, the area of atherosclerotic plaques in the model group was significantly increased (P<0.01), the contents of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly increased (P<0.05), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the peripheral blood Fxop3 mRNA expression was decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the plaque areas in middle-dose and high-dose BYHWT groups were significantly reduced(P<0.05), the peripheral blood TNF-α and IL-6 contents were decreased (P<0.01), the TGF-β and IL-10 expressions were increased in the high-dose group (P<0.05, P<0.01), the number of Treg cells in the plaque was increased in the high-dose group (P<0.01), and the peripheral blood Fxop3 mRNA expression was increased in each BYHWT group (P<0.01). Conclusion::BYHWT has an anti-atherosclerosis effect, which may be related to the increase of the number of Treg cells and thereby inhibiting the inflammatory response in vivo.

UPLC characteristic fingerprint of leaves of Moringa oleifera / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to establish the characteristic fingerprint of the leaves of Moringa oleifera by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) for its quality control. The method was developed on a column of Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈ with acetonitrile-0.01% TFA solution as the mobile phase by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min⁻¹. The detective wavelength was 210 nm, and the column temperature was 35 °C. The 14 batches of the leaves of M. oleifera were compared for the similarity by using Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System (2004A). The UPLC characteristic fingerprint was established, and twelve common peaks were identified by comparison with the references and UPLC-MS. The relative retention times were 0.08 (No. 1, adenosine), 0.14 (No. 2, L-phenylalanine), 0.22 (No. 3, 5-caffeoylquinic acid), 0.28 (No. 4, L-tryptophane), 0.42 (No. 5, 4-caffeoylquinic acid), 0.65 (No. 6, vicenin-2), 0.94 (No. 7, vitexin), 0.96 (No. 8, isovitexin), 1.00 (No. 9, isoquercitrin), 1.11 [No. 10, quercetin 3-O-β-D-(6"-malonyl)-glucopyranoside], 1.21 (No. 11, astragalin) and 1.37 [No. 12, kaempferol 3-O-β-D-(6"-malonyl)-glucopyranoside]. It is the first time to establish the UPLC characteristic fingerprint of the leaves of M. oleifera. The method is simple, quick and reproducible with high precision, which can provide a scientific basis for the quality control of the leaves of M. oleifera.

Human papillomavirus genotypes in male patients attending the STD clinic in Zhenjiang area / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the status of human papillomavirus ( HPV) infection and its genotypes in male patients in Zhenjiang area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using PCR and reverse dot blot hybridization, we determined the genotypes of HPV DNA in 245 male patients at our Clinic of Dermatology and STD.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total rate of HPV infection was 43.67% (107/245), and 18 subtypes were detected. Among the 107 HPV-positive cases, low-risk, high-risk, and combined high- and low-risk infections accounted for 39.25% (42/107), 38.32% (41/107), and 22.43% (24/107), respectively. The most notable low-risk HPV types were HPV6 and HPV11, and the most notable high-risk HPV types were HPV16, HPV52, and HPV58. The rates of single infection and multi-infection were 53.27% (57/107) and 46.73% (50/107), respectively. One case had the most types, infected with 8 genotypes. No statistically significant differences were observed in the total rate of HPV infection among different age groups (Χ2 = 7.999, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The dominant subtypes of HPV infection in male patients in Zhenjiang area were HPV6, HPV11, and HPV16. The most common subtypes were HPV6 and HPV11 in low-risk infection, and HPV16, HPV52, and HPV58 in high-risk infection.</p>

Effects of benzo(a)pyrene on the contractile function of the thoracic aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the possible vascular effects of an environment carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cytotoxicit of BaP and rat liver S9 (0.25 mg/mL)-activated BaP were examined by MTT assay. Thoracic aortic rings were dissected from Sprague-Dawley rats. Contraction of aortic rings was induced by 60 mmol/L KCl or 10(-6) mol/L phenylephrine (PE) in an ex-vivo perfusion system after BaP (100 μmol/L) incubation for 6 h. [Ca(2+)](i) was measured using Fluo-4/AM. For in-vivo treatment, rats were injected with BaP for 4 weeks (10 mg/kg, weekly, i.p.).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>BaP (1-500 μm) did not significantly affect cell viability; S9-activated BaP stimulated cell proliferation. BaP did not affect the contractile function of endothelium-intact or -denuded aortic rings. BaP did not affect ATP-induced ([Ca(2+)](i)) increases in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In BaP-treated rats, heart rate and the number of circulating inflammatory cells were not affected. Body weight decreased while blood pressure increased significantly. The maximum aortic contractile responses to PE and KCl and the maximum aortic relaxation response to acetylcholine were significantly decreased by 25.0%, 34.2%, and 10.4%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results suggest, in accordance with its DNA-damaging properties, that metabolic activation is a prerequisite for BaP-induced cardiovascular toxicity.</p>

Biological effects and toxicology studies of melamine and its derivative cyanuric acid / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Melamine (Tripolycyanamide) and its derivatives have recently become a public concern on food safety. To better understand melamine and its major derivative cyanuric acid.literature on their chemical properties, metabolism, biological effects, relevant toxicology studies, and the detection methods is reviewed. Studies indicate that the acute toxicity of melamine and cyanuric acid is low. In mammalian, these compounds are hardly metabolized in vivo and are rapidly eliminated in the urine. When used in large dosage,these compounds demonstrate marked renal toxicity,as well as toxic effect towards heart. The renal toxicity is exemplified by the calculi formation, acute renal failure, and subsequently induced carcinomas of the urinary bladder. Among the tested species, male cats and rats are more prone to be affected by the compounds. The HPLC/MS/MS is becoming the mainstay of the detection methods. Despite of the achieved knowledge on melamine and cyanuric acid, further research is warranted to unveil the mechanism of underlying susceptibility of kidney, to develop better analytic methods,and to explore possible biomarkers for better clinical diagnosis.

In vitro stimulation of retinoic acid syndrome by rotary cell culture system and its relationship with expression of CXCR4 and SDF-1 alpha / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the molecular mechanism and prevention of retinoic acid syndrome (RAS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>SDF-1 alpha mRNA from healthy adult lung tissue was measured by RT-PCR, CXCR4 protein expression on the cell membrane of APL cells induced by ATRA (APL-ATRA) was tested by FCM, and the rotary cell culture system (RCCS) was used to build a modal for in vitro stimulation of APL-ATRA infiltrating human lung tissue. The ability of APL-ATRA in adhesion, migration and infiltration was observed by interference from DEX, Ara-C and DNR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The APL-ATRA cells could evidently infiltrate into normal lung tissue. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CXCR4 on the cell membrane of APL-ATRA cells was 30.6 +/- 1.8, which was much higher than that on unspecialized APL cells (9.8 +/- 4.2). SDF-1 alpha mRNA expression was detected positive in all 6 lung tissue. Contrary to the control groups, DEX could dramatically restrain the ability of APL-ATRA cells in adhesion and migration [(27.2 +/- 2.6)% vs. (46.0 +/- 3.0)%, (28.1 +/- 4.0)% vs. (48.2 +/- 3.0)%], while Ara-C and DNR could distinctly depress the ability in adhesion, migration and infiltration [(28.1 +/- 3.0)%, (30.2 +/- 3.2)% vs. (46.0 +/- 3.0)%; (29.0 +/- 4.0)%, (23.0 +/- 5.2)% vs. (48.2 +/- 3.0)%; (16.8 +/- 7.6)%, (17.1 +/- 6.0)% vs. (43.6 +/- 5.0)%].</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In vitro APL-ATRA cells can infiltrate into the human lung tissue. High expression of CXCR4 on APL-ATRA and SDF-1 alpha in the lung tissue may be one of the molecular mechanisms of the lung infiltration and RAS. DEX, Ara-C and DNR can dramatically restrain the ability of APL-ATRA cells in adhesion, migration and infiltration.</p>

IGFBP7 plays a potential tumor suppressor role against colorectal carcinogenesis with its expression associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon 1 / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Insulin-like growth factor binding-protein-7 (IGFBP7) was obtained from our previous colonic adenocarcinoma (CRC) and normal mucosa suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) cDNA libraries. By RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we found that IGFBP7 was overexpressed in CRC tissue compared to normal tissue. However, our in vitro experiments performed in 10 CRC cell lines showed that IGFBP7 expressed only in SW480 and Caco2 cell lines, which implied an underlying reversible regulatory mechanism. Using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sodium PCR (BSP), we found that its expression was associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon1. This was further supported by the in vitro study which showed restored IGFBP7 expression after demethylation agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment. Correlation analysis between IGFBP7 expression and prognosis indicated that overexpression of IGFBP7 in CRC tissue correlated with favourable survival. Investigation of the functional role of IGFBP7 through transfection studies showed that IGFBP7 protein could inhibit growth rate, decrease colony formation activity, and induce apoptosis in RKO and SW620 cells, suggesting it a potential tumor suppressor protein in colorectal carcinogenesis. In conclusion, our study clearly demonstrated that IGFBP7 plays a potential tumor suppressor role against colorectal carcinogenesis and its expression is associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon 1.

Quality Control of Links in Hospital Information Integrity / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore hospital information system for solving the quality control problem of information collection and strengthening the hospital administration.Methods The factors affecting the information quality of the whole hospital information were analyzed.The control principle from "point" to "surface" was used to work out the quality control plan based on medical information,financial information and medicine information.Results The quality control plan was made according to the current hospital information flow.Conclusion The quality of hospital information collection in every link directly affects the information quality.Strengthening the quality control of information collection guarantees the administration quality of whole hospital information.

Design of quality supervision and control system for hospital information collection / 医疗卫生装备

In order to deal with the defects of data quality during the process of hospital information system operation,this paper puts forward the quality supervision and control system to supervise the data quality in real time and in the end.The system uses server data quality supervision model based on standard store.The advantage of this model is to discover data quickly and give early-warning to users without affecting the data input at terminals.

Application of grouping statistic of working day and holiday through functions of SQL in Oracle / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To calculate workload according to working day and holiday separately.Methods Functions of SQL in Oracle were used to separate working day and holiday.Results The method could accomplish holiday's workload statistics expediently.Conclusions Statistics of holiday's workload are becoming ordinary work,so the separated analysis for them has practical value.